Heroes of the Harbor: John Finn

The Medal of Honor, the United States’ highest military distinction, is reserved for extraordinary acts of bravery and sacrifice. In 1942, John Finn, a Chief Petty Officer in the U.S. Navy, became the first serviceman awarded this honor during World War II. His actions on December 7, 1941, during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, showcased his unparalleled courage and dedication.

Born in July 1909, John Finn joined the U.S. Navy just shy of his 17th birthday in 1926. After completing training in San Diego, he began a career that would span three decades. Specializing as an aviation ordnanceman, Finn was responsible for maintaining and operating anti-aircraft weaponry. By late 1941, he was stationed at Naval Air Station Kaneohe Bay on Oahu’s eastern shore, overseeing a team responsible for the weaponry of a squadron of PBY Catalina flying boats.

On the fateful morning of December 7, 1941, Finn was at home when he was alerted to the Japanese attack. Without hesitation, he rushed to the station, witnessing enemy aircraft strafing the ground as he arrived. Despite the chaos, Finn’s focus remained on protecting his men and his station.
As the attack unfolded, Finn took a machine gun from one of his sailors, mounted it on a portable tripod, and positioned himself in an open area to fire at incoming Japanese planes. Fully exposed to enemy fire, he prioritized clear visibility over personal safety. For two relentless hours, Finn fired at the attackers, even as he sustained 21 injuries, including a gunshot wound to his foot and a severe shoulder injury.
After finally seeking medical attention, Finn returned to duty, assisting with the rearming of surviving aircraft. His actions that day not only inspired his men but also drew the attention of military leadership.

John Finn’s extraordinary bravery did not go unnoticed. In 1942, he was commissioned as a Limited Duty Officer, a position he held for five years. On September 14, 1942, aboard the aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6), Admiral Chester Nimitz presented Finn with the Medal of Honor. This recognition made him the first recipient of the award during World War II.
Despite this prestigious honor, Finn continued to serve with humility and dedication. He remained in the Navy until his retirement in 1956, achieving the rank of lieutenant.

Even in retirement, John Finn remained an active figure within the World War II veteran and Medal of Honor communities. He attended numerous events, including a 2009 ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery with President Obama, despite his advanced age.
Finn’s contributions have been immortalized in various ways. A U.S. Navy shuttle boat, used to transport visitors to the USS Arizona Memorial, was named in his honor. Additionally, a stretch of U.S. Route 80 was designated the “John Finn Route,” and Marine Corps Base Hawaii Kaneohe also features tributes to his heroism.
The most prominent honor came in 2017, seven years after Finn’s passing on May 27, 2010. The U.S. Navy commissioned the USS John Finn (DDG-113), an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer, into service. The ship stands as a living tribute to Finn’s bravery and commitment.

John Finn’s actions on December 7, 1941, exemplify the extraordinary courage required to confront overwhelming odds. His willingness to stand in the open, under relentless enemy fire, reflects his unwavering dedication to duty and country. His Medal of Honor is not just a testament to his heroism that day but a symbol of the countless sacrifices made during World War II.
As we honor heroes like John Finn, their stories continue to inspire future generations. Through landmarks, naval vessels, and roads bearing his name, Finn’s legacy lives on, ensuring his bravery is never forgotten.

John Finn’s heroism during the attack on Pearl Harbor solidifies his place as one of the great defenders of the harbor. From his courageous actions on that fateful day to his enduring legacy, Finn remains a symbol of valor and dedication. His story serves as a reminder of the extraordinary lengths individuals will go to protect their country and their comrades.