It’s been over 76 years since Navy Seaman 1st Class James Solomon lost his life during the devastating attack on Pearl Harbor. A native of North Texas, Solomon was serving aboard the USS Oklahoma (BB-37), moored at Battleship Row on December 7, 1941. As Japanese bombers and fighters descended on the harbor, the lives of over 2,400 Americans were forever changed. Tragically, Solomon’s life was among those cut short, and for more than seven decades, his family sought closure.

On that fateful morning, Solomon, like so many others, was performing his regular duties aboard the USS Oklahoma. As the attack unfolded, the battleship was struck by multiple torpedoes, leading it to capsize and sink. Many sailors aboard were lost, including Solomon, whose fate remained uncertain. After the attack, while some sailors were identified and recovered, Solomon’s remains, along with many others, were deemed unrecognizable due to the brutal nature of the incident. The news was devastating to his family, especially his mother, Bonnie Solomon, who could never fully mourn her son.

James Solomon’s family received official word in early 1942, with a telegram stating that he had been killed in action. However, this official notice came months after his initial disappearance, and his family never received the full closure they needed. The painful uncertainty persisted for decades. Despite the tragedy, the men of the USS Oklahoma and their families held on to hope, waiting for the day when they could finally bring their loved ones home.

In 2015, the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) launched a groundbreaking initiative to identify the lost sailors of the USS Oklahoma using advanced DNA technology. This effort has resulted in more than 100 successful identifications of sailors who died in the attack. James Solomon became one of the fortunate few to be identified, thanks to this diligent work and the dedication of his descendants.

Solomon’s family was contacted in 2015 when the DPAA began its search for the lost sailors. The agency requested DNA samples from relatives to help match the remains, and several family members—including two of Solomon’s nieces—provided samples. After years of painstaking research, the call came in September 2017: James Solomon’s remains had been identified. For his relatives, the announcement brought relief and sorrow in equal measure. The family could finally bring their loved one home after nearly 77 years of waiting.

Solomon’s identification was a monumental achievement, but it also marked the end of a long and emotional journey for his family. Hardy Seay, a relative involved in the identification process, was only a child when Solomon left for the Navy. However, he grew up hearing stories of his bravery from his mother Pauline and Bonnie Solomon. “It certainly surprised me to get that call,” Seay recalls. “I thought he may be identified, but probably not in my lifetime.”

On July 14, 2018, James Solomon was finally laid to rest in Forestburg, Texas, the town he had left behind all those years ago. He was honored with a funeral service featuring full military honors, providing the family with the long-awaited closure they had sought for nearly eight decades. Though Solomon was not able to return to his hometown alive, his spirit and sacrifice live on in the hearts of his family and the nation.

The identification and return of James Solomon’s remains is a powerful reminder of the sacrifices made during the attack on Pearl Harbor. The USS Oklahoma lost 429 sailors and Marines, many of whom remained unidentified for decades. The ongoing efforts by the DPAA to identify and bring home these heroes show the nation’s unwavering commitment to honoring those who gave their lives in service to the country.

For those interested in learning more about Pearl Harbor and the remarkable efforts to identify the lost sailors, the legacy of James Solomon and his fellow service members continues to inspire. Their stories of sacrifice, bravery, and perseverance highlight the strength of the human spirit, ensuring that their memories are never forgotten.

James Solomon’s story is just one of many that have surfaced in the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor. His identification and return home symbolize the enduring effort to honor those who made the ultimate sacrifice. The continued work of the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency ensures that heroes like Solomon are remembered, and their families are given the closure they deserve.

As we remember the lives lost during the Pearl Harbor attack, let us also celebrate the recovery of these heroes and honor their legacy by telling their stories and preserving their memory for generations to come.

Football and Pearl Harbor may seem like two unrelated topics, but on December 7, 1941, as the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U.S. naval base in Hawaii, a football game was unfolding on the East Coast, seemingly untouched by the unfolding tragedy. While thousands of servicemen fought for their lives amidst chaos and destruction, sports fans and players at the Polo Grounds in New York remained largely unaware of the nation-changing events taking place in the Pacific.

On that fateful Sunday afternoon, a highly anticipated NFL matchup between the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers was taking place. It was a critical game in the football season, drawing thousands of eager spectators. At the time, communication technology was vastly different from today—there were no smartphones, social media, or instant news alerts. Because of this, most of the crowd and even the players were oblivious to the attack that had begun earlier that morning in Hawaii.

The game kicked off at approximately 1 PM Eastern Time, about an hour before the first bombs dropped on Pearl Harbor. As fans cheered on their teams, across the Pacific, the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service had launched a devastating assault on the U.S. Pacific Fleet. The attack crippled battleships, destroyed aircraft, and led to the loss of thousands of American lives, marking the country’s forced entry into World War II. Yet, in New York, the game continued uninterrupted.

It wasn’t until halftime that whispers of an attack began to circulate among the audience and players. Some attendees later recalled hearing vague announcements over the stadium’s public address system. However, most game-goers remained in the dark, focused on the intense matchup rather than the tragedy unfolding thousands of miles away.

For those listening to the game on the radio, however, the experience was different. At approximately 2:26 PM Eastern Time (8:26 AM in Hawaii), the broadcast was suddenly interrupted by a breaking news bulletin from the United Press. The brief but chilling announcement stated:

“We interrupt this broadcast to bring you this important bulletin from the United Press. Flash, Washington—the White House announces Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Stay tuned to WOR for further developments which will be broadcast as received.”

For many Americans, this was the first they heard of the attack. At nearly the same time, another cryptic radio announcement requested a Col. William Donovan to contact his office in Washington. Donovan, who would later head the Office of Strategic Services (the precursor to the CIA), was among the first officials to be alerted to the attack’s significance.

Despite the shocking news, the game continued. There were no official announcements made at the stadium until after the final whistle, and the players pushed through, unaware of the gravity of what was happening overseas. When the game concluded, the Brooklyn Dodgers defeated the New York Giants 21-7. The next day, newspapers that traditionally covered sports stories were forced to push the game aside, shifting their focus entirely to the Pearl Harbor attack and its repercussions.

Although the game itself was an important moment in the NFL season, it became a mere footnote in history compared to the catastrophic events of that day. December 7, 1941, became a day that would “live in infamy,” as President Franklin D. Roosevelt later described it. The attack led to the United States’ immediate entry into World War II, forever altering the course of history.

The Polo Grounds game is a reminder of how life can change in an instant. What began as an ordinary Sunday filled with football and excitement quickly turned into one of the darkest days in American history. Though those at the game were initially unaware, their lives—along with the lives of every American—would soon be impacted by the war that followed.

The connection between football and Pearl Harbor is an unexpected but powerful one. It serves as a stark contrast between everyday life and the realities of global conflict. Today, we look back at that moment and recognize how swiftly the world can change. Football, a beloved pastime, continued even as the nation faced an unprecedented attack, symbolizing both normalcy and the resilience of the American spirit.

While sports and entertainment provide an escape, history reminds us that some events are too monumental to ignore. The bombing of Pearl Harbor ended an era of American isolation and ushered in a period of unity, sacrifice, and determination—qualities that, in many ways, are also celebrated on the football field.

As we remember the events of December 7, 1941, we reflect not only on the game that played on unaware but also on the courage and strength of those who fought, both on the battlefield and beyond. Pearl Harbor changed America forever, and even a football game couldn’t stop the inevitable shift that followed.

Ships of Pearl Harbor: USS Tangier holds a unique place in naval history, playing a crucial role during the infamous attack on December 7, 1941. Originally built as a cargo ship for the United States Maritime Commission in 1939, she was later converted into a seaplane tender and commissioned into the U.S. Navy as USS Tangier (AV-8) on August 25, 1941.

After completing her shakedown cruise, Tangier was assigned to Patrol Wing 2 in Hawaii. Arriving in Pearl Harbor just over a month before the attack, she was moored astern of USS Utah (BB-31/AG-16). Unbeknownst to her crew, they were about to witness one of the most devastating moments in American history.

On the morning of December 7, 1941, USS Tangier was still stationed near Utah when the first wave of Japanese aircraft descended upon Pearl Harbor. The Utah, having been converted from a battleship to a target ship, quickly took heavy torpedo damage and capsized. Despite the chaos, Tangier miraculously remained unharmed.

Within minutes of the first explosions, Tangier’s crew was ordered to general quarters. Her gunners sprang into action, firing at the incoming aircraft with precision. By the end of the attack, they had successfully downed three enemy planes and helped neutralize a Japanese midget submarine that had infiltrated the harbor.

During the battle, one of Tangier’s PBY-5 Catalina seaplanes was on a search mission when it encountered nine Japanese Mitsubishi Zero fighters. Despite being outmatched, the Catalina’s pilot skillfully maneuvered the aircraft and managed to land safely, evading destruction. Once the attack subsided, Tangier’s crew focused on rescue efforts, assisting survivors from the doomed Utah.

In the immediate aftermath of Pearl Harbor, Japan set its sights on Wake Island. Tangier was loaded with crucial supplies and ammunition and joined a relief convoy led by the aircraft carrier USS Saratoga (CV-3). However, before they could reach their destination, Wake Island’s defenders were overwhelmed, forcing Tangier and her fleet to return to Oahu.

Following this mission, USS Tangier was deployed to New Caledonia, where she replaced USS Curtiss (AV-4) as the primary seaplane tender for six PBY Catalinas.

These aircraft played a vital role in conducting long-range reconnaissance missions over the Pacific. As the Battle of the Coral Sea loomed, Tangier received six additional seaplanes to bolster U.S. search capabilities.

Although Tangier’s aircraft did not directly engage Japanese forces during the battle, they played a crucial role in search and rescue efforts. Following the sinking of USS Sims (DD-409) and USS Neosho (AO-23) due to mistaken Japanese attacks, Tangier’s crew worked tirelessly to recover survivors. After completing this operation, Tangier resumed her reconnaissance duties until Curtiss relieved her on June 20, 1942. She then returned to the U.S. West Coast for an extensive overhaul that lasted until early 1943.

For the remainder of 1943, USS Tangier played a logistical role, transporting essential equipment between the U.S. mainland and Espiritu Santo. Later that year, she completed multiple voyages between Pearl Harbor, American Samoa, and San Diego before undergoing another overhaul in November. This maintenance period lasted until February 21, 1944, after which Tangier resumed operations, traveling to Brisbane, Australia.

After a brief stay in Brisbane, she was reassigned to New Guinea, where she provided critical support for General Douglas MacArthur’s forces. On September 21, 1944, Tangier supported the invasion of Morotai, ensuring U.S. forces had the aerial capabilities needed for success.

While Tangier did not participate in direct combat, her contribution to World War II was invaluable. As a seaplane tender, she played a key role in long-range reconnaissance and search missions, which were instrumental in tracking enemy movements and supporting Allied operations.

With the war drawing to a close, USS Tangier continued her service until March 22, 1946, when she sailed back to the United States. She made a brief stop at Pearl Harbor before proceeding to Philadelphia for decommissioning. On June 1, 1961, after two decades of dedicated service, USS Tangier was officially removed from the Naval Vessel Register.

Though often overshadowed by larger warships, USS Tangier’s resilience and contributions during and after the attack on Pearl Harbor solidify her place in history as an essential component of the U.S. Navy’s Pacific operations. Her role in search missions, rescue operations, and wartime logistics demonstrates the vital importance of seaplane tenders in naval warfare.

Dredging up—and blowing up—Pearl Harbor’s past continues to reveal remarkable remnants of history buried beneath its waters. More than 80 years after the devastating December 7, 1941, attack that launched the United States into World War II, the harbor floor still holds secrets waiting to be uncovered. Recent dredging operations near the wrecks of USS Arizona (BB-39) and USS Utah (BB-31/AG-16) have unearthed a cache of munitions, providing a chilling reminder of the day that changed history forever.

Pearl Harbor has long been a focal point for military and historical research. Routine dredging operations ensure the harbor remains navigable, but they also serve as an unexpected means of rediscovering lost wartime artifacts. In this latest excavation, Navy contractors discovered a stockpile of munitions—a haunting reminder of the chaotic and destructive attack that left thousands dead and the Pacific Fleet in ruins.

The recovered arsenal included hand grenades, rifles, small arms ammunition, and a variety of projectiles, including 5-inch, 3-inch, and massive 11-inch shells. Experts believe these remnants were lost during the attack or submerged as sinking battleships and destroyers spilled their onboard ammunition into the harbor depths. The find is both a historical treasure and a potential hazard, leading the Navy to undertake controlled detonation procedures to safely dispose of these volatile remnants.

To ensure public safety and prevent accidental detonations, the Navy has scheduled a series of controlled explosions to dispose of the recovered ordnance. These operations, conducted over multiple days, allow specialists to neutralize the potentially dangerous materials in a safe and controlled environment.

Visitors to Pearl Harbor during these detonation events may hear popping sounds echoing through the historic waters. While these noises may be startling, they serve as a powerful reminder of the deadly force that once rained down upon this very harbor. The explosions, though now controlled, are symbolic echoes of the fateful day when battleships burned, sailors fought for survival, and a nation was forever changed.

The ammunition recently uncovered likely belonged to multiple vessels that were either sunk or severely damaged during the attack. Battleships like USS Arizona, USS Oklahoma (BB-37), USS California (BB-44), and USS West Virginia (BB-48) suffered direct hits from torpedoes and aerial bombs, leading to massive onboard detonations and fires. As these vessels sank, their stored munitions either detonated in place or settled on the harbor floor, buried under layers of silt and debris for decades.

USS Arizona, now a national memorial, remains one of the most enduring symbols of the attack. Her wreckage still leaks oil—known as the “tears of the Arizona”—and serves as a final resting place for over 1,100 sailors and Marines who perished aboard. The latest discoveries near her wreckage serve as another piece of the puzzle in understanding the battle’s immediate and long-term impact.

While many of the munitions found are linked to the 1941 attack, some have been traced back to another Pearl Harbor disaster—the lesser-known West Loch explosion of May 21, 1944. During World War II, West Loch served as a staging area for LST (Landing Ship, Tank) vessels preparing for the invasion of Saipan. On that fateful day, an explosion aboard LST-353 triggered a catastrophic chain reaction, sinking six LSTs and killing hundreds of sailors and Marines.

The blast scattered munitions across the harbor, adding another layer to Pearl Harbor’s history of destruction and tragedy. As dredging efforts continue, more artifacts from both the 1941 attack and the 1944 disaster may come to light, shedding new insights into these pivotal moments in history.

With each new dredging operation, Pearl Harbor continues to reveal long-buried pieces of its past. The harbor floor remains a vast and largely unexplored time capsule, preserving remnants of one of the most infamous days in American history. Future dredging projects will likely uncover more wartime artifacts, offering historians and military experts invaluable opportunities to study and preserve these relics.

For visitors to Pearl Harbor today, these discoveries serve as a powerful reminder of the sacrifices made and the resilience of a nation that emerged from tragedy stronger than ever. As new artifacts surface, they not only enrich our understanding of history but also ensure that the stories of those who lived and died in these waters are never forgotten.

The Fate of the Captured Midget Submarine HA. 19 is a story of misfortune, survival, and an unexpected role in World War II history. In the early hours of December 7, 1941, before Japanese warplanes reached Pearl Harbor, a covert naval force was already en route to the Oahu naval base. Among them was HA. 19, a Type A Ko-hyoteki-class midget submarine launched from the Type C cruiser submarine I-24. Piloted by Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki and Chief Warrant Officer Kiyoshi Inagaki, HA. 19’s ill-fated mission began with a critical equipment failure: a broken gyrocompass.

Despite reaching the entrance of Pearl Harbor, the submarine faced navigational challenges due to the malfunctioning compass. The crew inadvertently ran aground on a reef multiple times. At approximately 8:17 AM, the destroyer USS Helm (DD-388) spotted HA. 19 and engaged. Initial shots missed but inadvertently freed the sub from the reef. Inagaki managed to dive and evade further attacks, but the submarine continued struggling against the underwater terrain.

Desperate attempts to infiltrate the harbor proved futile as HA. 19 repeatedly struck reefs. Eventually, depth charges disabled its torpedo launcher and periscope, forcing the crew to abandon their mission. An attempt to return to I-24 was unsuccessful, and the submarine grounded once more. With no means of escape, Sakamaki ordered the scuttling of HA. 19, but the attempt failed. While Sakamaki survived and was taken prisoner, Inagaki perished, his body washing ashore the next day.

HA. 19 was left stranded on the reef until the following day when American bombers attempted to destroy it. Though their explosives missed, the shockwaves dislodged the vessel, which later washed ashore. Once in American hands, the captured midget submarine took on an unexpected role—one that would deal a symbolic blow to Japan.

After being disassembled into three sections, HA. 19 was transported to the submarine base at Pearl Harbor for analysis. Once intelligence had gathered all necessary information, the U.S. military repurposed the submarine to aid in a national campaign: raising funds through War Bonds.

War Bonds played a crucial role in financing the United States’ war effort. Even before the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had introduced Series E Defense Bonds on May 1, 1941. The government promoted these bonds through various means, including Hollywood celebrities hosting rallies. Following the devastating attack on Pearl Harbor, HA. 19 became a striking attraction on a nationwide tour, rallying Americans to invest in the war effort.

In September 1942, the captured submarine was shipped to the mainland, placed on a flatbed trailer, and sent across the country. To enhance its appeal, the hull was modified with 22 viewing ports. Visitors could peer inside for a fee of $1, viewing two life-sized mannequins dressed in Japanese naval uniforms with “fierce samurai expressions.” This immersive display fascinated audiences and encouraged War Bond purchases wherever HA. 19 traveled.

At the beginning of 1943, after the tide of war had turned following the American victory at Midway, HA. 19 made its way through New Mexico and Texas, stopping in cities like Lordsburg, Las Cruces, El Paso, and Fort Bliss. However, its arrival in the small town of Belen, New Mexico, created an astonishing spectacle.

On January 13, 1943, HA. 19 was scheduled for a brief one-hour stop in Belen. The response was overwhelming, with an estimated 2,000 residents—out of a total population of around 8,000—gathering to see the infamous submarine. By the time HA. 19 departed, the town had raised over $3,200 in War Bond sales, an impressive contribution from a community deeply involved in the war effort.

After traveling to 2,000 cities across 41 states, HA. 19’s tour came to an end. The submarine was initially stationed at the Key West Naval Station in Florida. However, in 1991, it found a permanent home at the National Museum of the Pacific War in Fredericksburg, Texas. Today, visitors can view HA. 19 without the need to purchase a War Bond, standing as a relic of wartime innovation, misfortune, and resilience. This once-feared weapon of war now serves as a symbol of history, perseverance, and the unexpected turns of military conflict.

If you have ever explored wartime photography, you’ve likely come across breathtaking images captured from above. In today’s world, snapping aerial photos is effortless—lightweight drones and high-resolution cameras make it a breeze. However, before the digital era, capturing these images required ingenuity, bravery, and cutting-edge technology for the time.

The concept of aerial photography dates back to the mid-19th century when French photographer Gaspard-Felix Tournachon, professionally known as Nadar, pioneered the technique. He used hot air balloons to take the first-ever aerial images. However, it wasn’t until World War I that aerial photography became a crucial tool for military intelligence, reconnaissance, and battlefield strategy.

By World War II, aerial photography had become an essential aspect of military operations. It was widely used across all battlefronts to capture reconnaissance images, assess enemy positions, and document critical events. One of the most striking instances of aerial photography from this period is the attack on Pearl Harbor. Thanks to Army Air Forces Staff Sergeant Lee Embree, we have some of the most iconic images of that fateful day.

On December 7, 1941, Lee Embree found himself in a unique position. Flying in from the West Coast aboard a B-17 Flying Fortress, he was thrust into the chaos of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Though shocked by the unfolding devastation, Embree instinctively knew he had a job to do.

The B-17 he was flying in had an open gunner’s window—typically used for mounting a machine gun. However, since the aircraft was unarmed to extend its range, Embree saw an opportunity. He leaned out of the opening with his Speed Graphic camera and captured the first aerial photographs of the attack. His images would go on to become historic documentation of the tragic assault on Pearl Harbor.

Before the advent of modern technology, aerial photography was an arduous task. Photographers used bulky cameras such as the Fairchild K-17, manually operating them under extreme conditions. Many times, photographers would have to lean out of the aircraft, exposing themselves to the elements and potential enemy fire.

For aircraft like the Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bomber, the rear gunner’s position was often used for photography instead of combat. The challenge was even greater when capturing images over enemy territory, where leaning out of the aircraft would be far too dangerous.

Recognizing the importance of aerial photography, military forces began modifying aircraft specifically for reconnaissance missions. Some planes, like the Lockheed P-38 Lightning, had their machine guns removed and were equipped with high-resolution cameras instead. The reconnaissance version of the P-38, known as the Lockheed F-5, was capable of carrying multiple cameras, allowing for detailed surveillance images.

Because cameras were significantly lighter than weapons and ammunition, reconnaissance planes could fly faster than traditional fighter planes, making them ideal for gathering intelligence. These aircraft played a vital role in strategic planning throughout World War II.

Aerial photography revolutionized military strategy and intelligence gathering. It provided commanders with critical visual data, influenced battle plans, and documented history as it unfolded. Lee Embree’s photographs of Pearl Harbor stand as a testament to the bravery and resourcefulness of wartime photographers.

Today, aerial photography continues to play a vital role in military operations, journalism, and historical documentation. While modern drones and satellite imaging have taken the practice to new heights, the legacy of pioneers like Lee Embree will never be forgotten.

Aerial photography during wartime wasn’t just about capturing images—it was about documenting history in the making, shaping military strategy, and preserving the truth of what happened on the battlefield.

Ships of Pearl Harbor: USS Rigel was originally built as a civilian cargo ship but found new life in the U.S. Navy. Commissioned on February 24, 1922, as an Altair-class destroyer tender, USS Rigel (AD-13/ARb-1/AR-11) was named after the brightest star in the Orion constellation. For nearly two decades, her home port remained San Diego, California, until the winds of war led her to Pearl Harbor in 1941.

In April 1941, USS Rigel was reassigned as a repair ship, a critical role as tensions escalated between the United States and Japan. She sailed to Bremerton, Washington, for an extensive overhaul before heading to Pearl Harbor in July for additional modifications. By December 7, 1941, Rigel was still in the shipyard, undergoing upgrades when the infamous attack on Pearl Harbor unfolded.

The attack on Pearl Harbor was a devastating moment in U.S. history, with battleships and aircraft carriers bearing the brunt of the destruction. Despite being unarmed at the time, USS Rigel escaped with minimal damage compared to other vessels. However, with no mounted guns to defend herself, the ship’s crew could do little but watch as Japanese bombers rained destruction on the harbor.

Rather than standing idly by, Rigel’s crew leaped into action, assisting in rescue and salvage operations. Sailors worked tirelessly to save trapped men, battle fires, and prevent further losses. Though Rigel herself was not a frontline battleship, her presence during this tragic day became an essential part of the collective effort to withstand the attack.

With repairs completed by April 1942, USS Rigel was finally ready for war. Now equipped with four 3-inch mounted guns, she set sail for the South Pacific. Her first stop was Fanning Island, where she transported American troops and took on members of the New Zealand Pacific Island Force. Over the next six months, she served in New Zealand before being reassigned to assist U.S. forces in the Guadalcanal Campaign, one of the most pivotal battles of the Pacific War.

In early 1943, Rigel was ordered to Efate before moving to New Guinea, where she joined the 7th Amphibious Force. By June, she arrived at Milne Bay, a strategic location for the Pacific fleet. From here, she provided critical repairs to battleships, cruisers, and tankers. Her role in keeping the U.S. Navy’s fleet operational was vital to the war effort.

For the remainder of 1943, USS Rigel played a crucial role in maintaining the strength of Allied naval forces. She supported successful landings at Arawe, New Britain, and Cape Gloucester, further pushing back Japanese forces. Throughout 1944, Rigel followed the frontline, moving up the coast of New Guinea as the U.S. military gained ground in the Pacific.

In August 1944, USS Rigel shifted her course and made her way to Australia, providing further repair and support to Allied forces. By January 15, 1945, she anchored at Leyte Gulf in San Pedro Bay, which would serve as her home base until the war’s end.

After the war, USS Rigel returned to the United States, where she was decommissioned on July 11, 1946. Though her service had ended, her impact on the U.S. Navy’s success in the Pacific Theater remained undeniable. For her wartime contributions, Rigel earned four battle stars, cementing her legacy as a crucial support vessel during World War II.

While the USS Rigel may not be as famous as the battleships that dominated the headlines of Pearl Harbor, her role in the war was invaluable. From providing emergency assistance during the attack to serving as a repair hub for Allied forces in the Pacific, Rigel’s legacy stands as a testament to the importance of support vessels in wartime success. Her journey—from a civilian cargo ship to a vital wartime asset—exemplifies the adaptability and resilience of the U.S. Navy during World War II.

Today, as we remember the Ships of Pearl Harbor, the story of USS Rigel serves as a powerful reminder of the dedication and sacrifice of the men who served aboard her. Though she may not have fired a shot on December 7, 1941, her contribution to the war effort was immeasurable, proving that victory is not just won by those on the front lines but also by those working tirelessly behind them.

Alvin Mays, a Pearl Harbor survivor, passed away at the age of 96 on October 10, 2018, leaving behind a legacy that spanned decades of service and personal storytelling. For years, Mays shared his first-hand experiences of the infamous Pearl Harbor attack with the residents of Augusta, Georgia, becoming a cherished figure in his community. His death marked the loss of one of the last living links to that tragic day in history.

Alvin Mays, born and raised in the United States, enlisted in the Army at just 18 years old, ready to serve his country during a time of rising global tensions. Assigned to the 21st Infantry, 24th Division, Mays was initially stationed at Pearl Harbor as a mechanic—a position that, unusually, did not require basic training. Reflecting on this unusual assignment in an interview with The Augusta Chronicle, Mays shared that his role was part of the Army’s efforts to motorize its infantry. His account of this time in his life was a testament to the hurried nature of military preparation before the outbreak of the war.

When December 7, 1941, dawned, Mays was stationed at Schofield Barracks, located near the infamous Pearl Harbor. Although Schofield didn’t bear the brunt of the attack, it was still heavily impacted by the proximity to Wheeler Field, which was struck by the Japanese forces. Mays vividly recalled walking out of the mess hall that morning, only to be greeted by the distant sounds of bombing and the chaotic noise of war erupting around him.

“We were lucky,” Mays said in the interview. “The planes came in low, striking the 21st Infantry, but we had no casualties.” His story highlighted the near-miss that occurred at Schofield Barracks, where the attack could have been even more devastating. The fear and tension of that morning remained with him throughout his life.

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Mays’ service continued on the front lines of the War in the Pacific. Deployed to Australia and later the Philippines, he fought bravely against the Imperial Japanese forces. Mays survived the brutal battles and returned home after the war, but the memories of Pearl Harbor would stay with him for the rest of his life.
Mays’ remarkable ability to survive and then share his experiences with others made him a pillar of his community in Augusta, Georgia. He never hesitated to recount his story, and his reflections were often filled with keen insights into the events of December 7, 1941. One of his more compelling accounts involved the widespread fear among those stationed at Pearl Harbor.
“If they’d have been smart, they would have invaded the whole island. They could have taken it in 24 hours,” Mays once remarked, reflecting on the vulnerability of Oahu in those early hours of the war.

Alvin Mays was more than just a survivor of Pearl Harbor—he was a storyteller, a community leader, and a symbol of resilience. His commitment to sharing his experiences kept the memory of Pearl Harbor alive for countless people in his community, and his voice was a reminder of the bravery and sacrifices made by those who lived through that dark chapter in American history.
Alvin Mays’ passing marked the end of an era for many in Augusta, but his legacy will continue to resonate through the stories he shared, the lives he touched, and the memories of a pivotal moment in American history that he witnessed firsthand.
As we remember Alvin Mays, we honor the courage of all those who survived Pearl Harbor, and we ensure that their stories will never be forgotten.

On October 29, 2018, just a day after celebrating his 92nd birthday, Gerald Langgood passed away, leaving behind a legacy of courage, service, and resilience. Langgood’s story is particularly remarkable because he served during the infamous Pearl Harbor attack at the young age of just 15 years old, forever etching his name into the annals of history.

In the late 1930s, the world was on the brink of war, and young men, eager to prove their bravery and patriotism, rushed to enlist in the military. For many, including Gerald Langgood, this desire to serve often led them to enlist at an age far younger than what was legally allowed. Langgood, born in Buffalo, NY, was only 14 when he enlisted, making much of his military service technically illegal.
It all began when Langgood and a group of friends visited a post office and enlisted in the Navy. Telling the recruiter that he was 17, Langgood was able to sign up with the help of his maternal grandfather’s consent, even though he was still several years away from being legally eligible for service.

By the time Langgood turned 15, he was stationed at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii—what seemed like a dream destination at the time. However, the tranquility of the Hawaiian Islands was shattered on December 7, 1941, when the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on the United States. It was on this fateful day that Langgood, still just a teenager, had his first taste of war.
Langgood served as a gunner’s mate aboard USS Shaw (DD-373), a Navy destroyer docked at Pearl Harbor. He had just finished his shift and was heading below deck to grab breakfast when the chaos erupted. The sounds of explosions from above soon reached Langgood, signaling that something horrific was happening on the surface. The USS Shaw was hit multiple times during the attack, resulting in a catastrophic explosion that would become one of the most iconic images of Pearl Harbor.
Langgood’s daughter, Rosemarie Baudo, shared that her father rarely spoke of the details of that tragic day. However, he often said that witnessing the devastation “turned his hair white.” As word spread of the attack, Langgood’s grandfather confessed to the family that he had helped his underage grandson enlist, and soon after, the American Red Cross tracked down the 15-year-old sailor and escorted him back to New York.

Langgood’s return to civilian life in Buffalo was brief. When he turned 17, he re-enlisted, this time legally, and embarked on another chapter of his military journey. His new assignment took him to North Africa and Europe, where he served aboard USS LST-1010 during World War II. After retiring from the Navy, Langgood returned home to Buffalo, where he lived out the remainder of his life, but his commitment to the military never wavered.

Gerald Langgood remained connected to the Navy throughout his life, regularly attending veteran events and visiting the VA Medical Center to speak with fellow veterans. He honored the memory of those lost during the Pearl Harbor attack by throwing a wreath into a nearby river every year on December 7.
Gerald Langgood’s death on October 29, 2018, marked the passing of a true American hero who had experienced history firsthand. Surrounded by loved ones at the time of his passing, Langgood left behind a legacy that will be remembered for generations to come. He is survived by his son, daughter, five grandchildren, and seven great-grandchildren.

WWII Bombs Hit Japan With Japanese Medals of Peace Strapped on—a striking twist of irony that history seldom delivers. Before the outbreak of World War II, Japan had presented the United States with medals as symbols of peace and friendship. These medals, once tokens of goodwill, were later transformed into grim messages of retaliation. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, U.S. Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox decided it was time to return these medals in a manner that would etch this act into the annals of wartime history.

Originally, the medals were awarded to American figures such as Lieutenant Stephen Jurkis, Daniel J. Quigley, H. Vormstein, and John D. Laurey. Yet, the goodwill they once represented was overshadowed by the events of December 7, 1941. The medals were collected and ceremoniously attached to 500-pound bombs aboard the USS Hornet. Inscriptions like “I don’t aim to ignite the world—just Tokyo!” turned the medals into grim symbols of the betrayal Americans felt after Pearl Harbor.

General James Harold Doolittle, a pioneer in aviation, led this audacious mission. Born in 1896, Doolittle had a remarkable career that spanned innovation and adventure. From setting speed records to advancing aviation technology, his contributions played a critical role in shaping modern warfare. One of his notable pre-war achievements was developing high-octane aviation fuel while working at Shell Oil, a discovery that later gave Allied pilots a distinct edge during the war.

The Doolittle Raid, planned meticulously by General Doolittle in early 1942, was a bold response to Japan’s seemingly impenetrable defense. Sixteen B-25 bombers were specially modified for the mission, equipped with extended-range fuel tanks made of rubber. The planes were launched from the USS Hornet, marking the first time medium bombers had ever taken off from an aircraft carrier. Before embarking, the crew symbolically attached the Japanese peace medals to their payloads.

Despite facing severe weather conditions and hostile anti-aircraft fire, the mission succeeded in dropping four bombs over Tokyo. Though the physical damage was limited, the psychological impact on Japan was immense. The country, which had previously considered itself untouchable, was shaken to its core. The raid forced Japan to recall several fighter units back to the homeland, indirectly setting the stage for the Allies’ victory in Guadalcanal.

While the mission was a morale booster for the United States, it came at a heavy cost. Several bombers ran out of fuel and crash-landed, with three crew members losing their lives and eight captured by Japanese forces. In retaliation, Japan unleashed brutal reprisals on Chinese civilians who had aided the American pilots, resulting in the massacre of up to 250,000 people.

In the United States, the Doolittle Raiders became national heroes, embodying resilience and ingenuity. General Doolittle, promoted to brigadier general after the raid, went on to lead thousands of aircraft in pivotal campaigns in North Africa and Europe.

This daring mission wasn’t just a strategic maneuver; it was a symbolic act that turned the tide of war. By striking at the heart of Japan, it demonstrated the resilience of the United States and delivered a powerful message: peace medals could become instruments of justice when betrayed.